Cara Menjadi Master Catur Chapter Four

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At a memorial  service  after  Bobby Fischer 's death  in 2008, the  Philippines master Renato Naranja recalled how they both competed in the  19 70 Interzonal tournament.  One day,  after Naranja had  drawn with a  Soviet  grandmaster who was much  stronger than him, Fischer told  the  Filipino he  stood better when  the game  ended. Yes, I know, replied  Naranja,  but I couldn't  see how to win. Fischer said that was  no reason  to  agree  to  a draw.  When  you  know  you  have  an  edge,  you just keep  playing,  he  said.  "You  had  the  two  bishops," Fischer  said.  "Just  move around." This  is  another  major  difference  between  masters  and  amateurs.  Masters want more out of  a position. They try to  win - and find ways to win -positions that seem  unlikely to  be winnable.

Prolong! 
Masters  want  more.  And because  of that,  they  often  get  it.  It  sounds  too simple  but  it's true. There are  specific  ways  to  emulate  masters  in  this  way.  But  ultimately  it comes down to  Fischer 's attitude:  If  you keep pressure on your opponent  long enough,  if  you keep  forcing  him to  make choices - if  you keep trying to  win -there 's a good  chance that you will. This view was also  a  tenet  of  the  Soviet  School.  Mikhail  Botvinnik's watchword  was  "Prolong !  Prolong  the  struggle."  Think  twice  about  trading pieces when you have the advantage, he said. Continue the pressure,  even if you have to  temporarily  retreat.

Good, Better ,  Best 
Show two experienced players a complex position, and they are both likely to  find a good move.  The stronger player is  likely to  find it faster.  But he's also more likely to  keep  looking  once  he's  found it. As  good as  the  move  may appear,  the  master  looks  for a  better  one.  That often makes  the  difference  of  a half-point,  if  not a  full  one.

Move Loyalty
There 's  another  way  that  a  master 's  desire  for  more  works  for  him:  He doesn't give up  easily  on  a move he really wants to  play.  He remains loyal. We  saw how this  works with a  positional  candidate  in  the last chapter.  If  a master really likes the positional features of  a move  he will try to find a tactical justification.  The same goes for  a tactical candidate move.

"My Turn" 
Psychologists have found, through  experiment after experiment, that people have stronger feelings  about losing  than  about winning.  Economists,  who also analyzed  this  phenomenon,  gave  it  a  name,  'loss  aversion '. And  experienced chess players know it  as the curious feeling that the  joy of  winning a game never quite makes up  for the pain of  losing one.
This helps explain why many amateurs fight desperately - and skillfully  - in a  bad  position .  But  then they relax when they  realize  the  danger  of  losing is  past. An amateur who  survives  a  strong attack as  Black may say,  "Good,  now  I can  look  forward  to  playing White  in my next  game ." A master in the  same  situation will say,  "Good, now  it's my tum to  play  for a win in this  game ."

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